Claiming Our History: The Inheritance of a Republic
Independence Oration, July 27, 2026, Buchanan, Grand Bassa County Mr. President, Madam Boakai, Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Madam President Pro Temp and members of the National Legislature, Your Honor the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, the Dean and members of the cabinet and other officials of government, the Doyen and members of the diplomatic and consular corps, traditional leaders, religious leaders, members of the Armed Forces of Liberia, distinguished guests, fellow Liberians at home and throughout the diaspora, ladies and gentlemen: First, let me say that I am deeply humbled and very grateful for the honor bestowed on me. This is the honor of a lifetime. Thank you, Mr. President, for the invitation to serve as this year’s Independence Day orator. If you please, allow me before I begin, to acknowledge my mother, Elizabeth Woods Brewer, a daughter of Bassa, who is buried in the soil of this great county, right there across the mighty St. John River. May she continue to rest in peace. I also want to acknowledge Erica Rapier, my wife of 40 years, and our son Aidan. I Why History Matters My fellow Liberians, as we gather today to commemorate the 179th anniversary of our nation’s independence, I would like us to consider a question that many young Liberians have asked, sometimes quietly and sometimes aloud: “What is there to celebrate?”Others go even further. They tell us that our history is little more than a catalogue of failure and disappointment. Indeed, that the whole idea of Liberia was a mistake. Still, others urge us to leave the past behind altogether, and concern ourselves only with the present, and the future. These are serious questions. And they deserve thoughtful answers. This morning, I wish to offer a different way of thinking about Liberia and its history. My argument is simple. Liberian history is one of our greatest national assets. And when it comes to understanding our collective past, the great challenge facing us is not simply that too many Liberians do not know their history. Our great challenge is that too many have come to believe their history has little value. Yet, a people who lose confidence in their history eventually lose confidence in themselves. History is not merely a record of yesterday’s events. History is the source of our identity, our memory, our wisdom, and our sense of national purpose. We might gain and lose wealth. Governments may rise and fall. Borders may change. But a nation’s history remains the foundation upon which every generation builds. No one else can claim Liberian history for us. Only Liberians can. Today I would like us to reflect on three questions. First, how did we arrive at this moment in our long national journey? Second, why does July 26, 1847, matter – not only to Liberia but to the wider world? And finally, how should we think about the past, and what responsibilities does it place upon us? II The Long Journey of the Republic To claim Liberia’s history, we must first understand that Liberian history did not begin in 1847. Nor did it begin in 1822. The Republic whose independence we celebrate today rests upon foundations laid over many centuries. Historians often remind us that the past is not flat. Every generation inherits a different Liberia. Every age confronts new challenges. To understand who we are today, we must begin at the beginning. Our knowledge of Liberia’s earliest history is necessarily incomplete. Yet, we know enough to say with confidence that the peoples who have occupied this land have lived here for many, many centuries. Portuguese mariners left written descriptions of the Windward Coast – the coast between Cape Mount and Cape Palmas – as early as the fifteenth century. The Portuguese accounts are corroborated by oral traditions, archaeology, and linguistics. Together, these sources reveal a long history of migration, settlement, and cultural exchange. They tell us that communities speaking Gola and Gissi languages were among the oldest inhabitants of this region, that the Dei speaking people were the first to arrive at the coast, while later migrations from the north and east brought the ancestors of many of today’s other Liberian peoples. What I want to put before you for your consideration is this larger point: the ethnic communities we know today did not emerge fully formed. Like all human societies, they evolved over time. People migrated, traded, intermarried, forged alliances, divided, fought wars and reconciled their differences, and sometimes created entirely new ethnic identities. The Liberia of today is the product of centuries of migration and cultural interaction and exchange. Our ethnic identities are not fixed by nature. They were shaped by history – by migration, trade, marriage, conflict and cooperation across many centuries. Our ancestors were not born into the identities we know and have today. Indeed, our ancestors helped create these identities. Before the European colonial powers drew borders upon maps, identities and boundaries were far more fluid than we often imagine today. Communities migrated, divided, merged, and reinvented themselves. As the distinguished West African historian Boubacar Barry reminds us, West Africa was, in his words, “a land of people without frontiers. “Understanding this longer history reminds us that Liberia did not create its peoples. Rather, its many peoples, over countless generations, created the Liberia we have inherited. Long before there was a Liberian state, there was already a Liberian historical experience. Long before there was a Republic of Liberia, there were sovereign African societies existing in this space. They governed themselves according to their own laws and institutions. They maintained systems of diplomacy, commerce, spirituality, and justice. They cultivated the land, managed regional trade, and developed technologies suited to their environment. They built institutions such as Poro and Sande, whose history Professor Jacien Carr is currently researching. So the desire for self-government, did not begin in 1847. What independence did, however, was give that older aspiration a new and modern constitutional form. Among the most celebrated of
